In today's entry, the dialogue form is used to promote greater understanding of the human condition and its myriad facets, and the participants in said dialogue are among those most worthy to comment on said condition. The participants include:
*myself, your humble scribe
*Charles Darwin, pigeon-fancier, naturalist, co-framer of the theory of natural selection, and author of
On the Origin of Species *Dante Alighieri, hero of Italy, poet, politician, and author of
The Divine Comedy*James Madison, president, political scientist, framer of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights, and co-author of
The Federalist*and
R. Fiore, curmudgeon,
Comics Journal columnist, and critic extraordinaire, from whom I swiped this idea in the first place.
We join our intrepid quintet as they debate the issues of the day:
MADISON: I thought they looked tired. Did you think they looked tired?
DANTE: They are in their sixties. One cannot stay young forever...
MADISON: I didn't say they looked old--I said they looked
tired.
DARWIN: Well, they
did look old.
MADISON: I didn't say they
didn't!
DARWIN: And that new song they played after "Start Me Up"? I was unimpressed.
DANTE: I thought that one was pleasant enough. But that version of "Satisfaction" went on forever. I feared they might play through the second-half kickoff...
PC: Jeez, Bob, how do you get all these brains to shut up and get on task?
FIORE: It takes a certain force of personality. Also, you've got to establish who's in charge.
PC: Right, then. Gentlemen, we're here to consider a fundamental question of the day: Whatever happened to moderation?
DANTE: Oooo, good one. Do you mean moderation as a lifestyle choice? I'm a firm believer in eliminating incontinence in all things, you know.
PC: In a manner of speaking, Dan, but I--
DANTE: Don't call me Dan.
FIORE: Jeez, Pete. The guy's a legend. Show some class.
PC: My apologies, Signor Alighieri. But I mean the question seriously, particularly in the political sphere. Recent news from overseas concerns demonstrations in which consulates are being burned and protesters are being shot.
MADISON: And this is news how?
PC: The protesters are in places like Indonesia, Iran, and Afghanistan (where two were shot by police).
MADISON: Like I said...
PC: They're protesting the contents of newspapers in Denmark and Paris...
DARWIN: Ah, the globe is indeed shrinking.
PC: ...specifically the cartoons.
(Pause)
DANTE: Ah. Yes, that is a tad unexpected.
PC: Back in September, a Danish newspaper published cartoons in which the figure of Muhammad appeared; it had asked cartoonists to express their concerns about Islam and its relationship with journalism. At the time the uproar was minimal, but since many Muslims oppose the depiction of the Prophet in any artwork, let alone a satirical sketch, their protests have been growing steadily louder. The cartoons have since been reprinted in New Zealand and France, and this last seems to have set off a powder keg. In Lebanon, the building holding the Danish consulate was burned, and the Danish and Norwegian embassies in Syria were torched as well. Iran has cut off trade with Denmark because the government hasn't punished the cartoonists or the publishers. The headquarters of the Paris magazine that reprinted the cartoons had to be evacuated due to a bomb threat.
FIORE: Nicely summarized.
PC: Thanks. The point though is this: how does one reconcile the right to free speech--which is non-negotiable in my book--
MADISON: That's my boy!
PC: --with the need to show proper respect for deeply held beliefs?
DANTE: Good save, Pietro.
DARWIN: I say, old man, I'd have thought you'd be in favor of insulting the Mohammadans at every turn.
DANTE: Oh, they're Musselmen? Turks? I wasn't listening. My mistake, then. Go ahead and insult them.
PC: See, this is what I'm talking about. Signor, you were so certain of your political and religious views that you populated your literary hell with those who didn't share them. These guys are so certain of their views about literature that they'll send real people to hell. Even the ones who agree with them! This unbreakable certainty in one's own righteousness is all too common today, from the White House to the streets of Tehran to the classrooms of Kansas. And I would argue that acting on this certainty is the surest way to widespread disaster. "The best lack all conviction, while the worst are full of passionate intensity."
DANTE: Hey, that's nice.
PC: Uh, it's not mine.
FIORE: Do you write
anything yourself?
PC: Look, I'm giving you credit, what do you want?
FIORE: Cash?
PC: My point, though, is that it's one thing for Dante here to use his beliefs about real people to create a work of art. I don't for a minute believe a just God would set up a place like his Inferno--
DANTE: Hey!
PC: --but his belief in such a God doesn't do me any harm.
DANTE: Your disbelief will do you harm when you're boiling in pitch!
MADISON: Wasn't that the punishment for grafters? I should think he'd be more likely to be--
PC: Look, guys, the point is that his
belief doesn't harm me; his version of God certainly has the power to harm me when I check out, but Dante's belief in itself is harmless.
DARWIN: Then why do you say "unbreakable certainty" is such an awful thing?
PC: I respect his right to hold his beliefs with all the faith he can muster; what I do not respect is his certainty that EVERYONE must hold those beliefs.
DANTE: But those who do not hold them will be boiled in pitch!
PC: If you believe God is just and all-knowing, Dante, you must let
Him decide who'll be boiled. That's not a task for anyone on earth.
MADISON: Why is he so fixated on this pitch business?
DANTE: "Judge not, lest ye be judged"? Is that what you claim?
PC: I was going to go with Genesis 18:25, actually.
DARWIN: "Shall not the judge of all the earth do right?"
FIORE: Great. Now
Chuck's swiping stuff...
PC: But that's a great segue, actually. The
Washington Post Magazine ran a story on Sunday about the recent "intelligent design" controversy. It was a fairly solid essay, I thought, with some good observations from a variety of sources, but I was really irritated by the presentation.
FIORE: How so?
PC: The cover was a version of Michelangelo's "Creation of Adam," with an apelike hand reaching down to touch the hand of Adam. And above it in gigantic letters were the words "Darwin vs. God."
DARWIN: Oh, that's just... I mean... I say, that's... sensationalism!
PC: I know, I know.
DARWIN: It's ludicrous to set me against God! I'm buried in bloody Westminster Abbey!
PC: I stood on your grave once. Accidentally, I mean.
MADISON: But weren't you an atheist?
DARWIN: No! I was raised C of E, and C of E I remained. Granted, I had some doubts about the nature of God toward the end of my life, but those were because of my daughter's death. Natural selection says absolutely nothing about the existence or non-existence of God!
PC: And the article pointed that out--eventually. But the first two subjects discussed were a biology professor who's teaching "intelligent design" to her community college classes and Richard Dawkins, who explicitly claims that belief in evolution requires disbelief in God. Rather than pointing out the obvious fact that science, by definition, can neither prove nor disprove the existence of a supernatural being, the Post boiled the whole thing down to two opposing certainties: either you believe in evolution or you believe in God. No moderate position exists.
DANTE: But this is true--you can't believe in
some of God.
MADISON: But of course you can! Churches are constantly splintering over certain aspects of God--some believe He has certain attributes, others believe His qualities are quite different. If I may be so bold--
PC: You may.
MADISON: --this is the very reason why we have the First Amendment. One church may claim that evolution and God are incompatible, but another may see no difficulty in accepting both. And a man who belongs to neither may find merit in the idea of evolution, but not in the idea of an omnipotent creator.
DANTE: But only one can be correct!
MADISON: Perhaps so. But which one?
DANTE: The one who believes in the teachings of Mother Rome, of course.
PC: So--the one who accepts both God and evolution, then.
DANTE: Yes. No! What are you saying?
PC: I'm saying the Catholic Church's official position is that natural selection occurs.
DARWIN: I say, that's a bit of good news.
PC: In short, the belief in the evolution of the body is based on good science. The Church of course asserts that God is in charge of filling that body with a soul, but it has no objection to the idea that modern species, including Homo sapiens, are descended from very different species over millions of years.
DANTE: But what about the Six Days of Creation?
PC: You of all people ought to appreciate the power of a symbol, Signor. But a symbol can only exist if the absence of certainty.
FIORE: I think you'll need to explain that further.
PC: Certainty requires a literal treatment of everything--the thing is what it is, period. Symbolism requires interpretation--looking at things in more than one way. And if there's more than way to view something, it's possible that there's more than one
true way. There are moral and developmental truths in Genesis, sure, but that doesn't mean they must be literal truths. To treat them as such destroys their figurative power, just as pointing out all the historical errors in the Inferno would wreck its poetry.
MADISON: So what would you recommend?
PC: Moderation, of course! Quit being so damned sure that everything you say is God's Own Truth, and everything your opponents say is the Work Of The Evil One. Consider that there might be more than one side to the question, and that other people might have a right to their side, too. Think about what G.K. Chesterton said--
FIORE: Here we go again...
PC: --"It is not bigotry to be certain we are right; but it is bigotry to be unable to imagine how we might possibly have gone wrong."
DANTE: And you think that will solve the world's problems?
DARWIN: I must say, it's a reasonable idea, but...
MADISON: --But if one has no means of implementing it, it's not a very satisfactory solution.
PC: Well, I could be wrong.
3:08 AM